Small molecules and ions form a three-dimensional lattice with an extended regular structure that makes large crystals. A review on shape memory polymers. Polymers are both man-made and naturally occurring. Section Information. Dendrimer Substance composed of identical dendrimer molecules. Shukla. The synthetic polymer polystyrene is used in cabinets and in packaging. Synthetic polymers represent a very large subfamily of materials for developing biomaterials as autologous or donated graft material for bone tissue engineering. Some uses are given below-. On the other hand, natural polymers exist; rubber and wood, for example, are natural polymers made up of isoprene, a simple hydrocarbon, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. Press Alt+1 for screen-reader mode, Alt+0 to cancel. The term polymer in Greek means ‘many parts’. Despite uncrosslinked LCPs, polymeric materials like liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) [1] and liquid crystal networks (LCNs) can exhibit liquid crystallinity as well. Recent trends in biodegradable polymers indicate significant developments in terms of novel design strategies and engineering to provide advanced polymers with comparably good performance. Action with metals has a negative impact on heat-aging stability. It has similar properties and composition to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Greater charge densities here result in righter. The deformation of polymeric. SEM picture of a bend in a high-surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section. Thermosets also present an increased utilisation as reinforcing and structural materials. Without polymers there would be no plants or trees since cellulose is a polymer. Since many years, people used polymers in their life but they did not know it well almost until World War II. Thermoplastic polymer shows Paint adhesion problems. Addition Polymers. Acrylic Polymers Acrylics include various acrylic, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, and maleic anhydride polymers. Abidian, in Biosynthetic Polymers for Medical Applications, 2016 10. Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a process that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. available synthetic polymers. The polymer devices integrated with self-healing ability offer enhanced reliability, durability, and sustainability. This can lead to reduction in quality of the recycled material. Let us briefly discuss these natural polymers: Starch: It is a polymer which forms the food reserve for all the plants. S. It is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties. Proteins are polymers of amino acids, cellulose is a polymer. They are formed by long chains of monomers of the same type or a combination of different ones. . It grew out of an amalgam of solid-state physics, metallurgy, and chemistry, since the rich variety of materials properties cannot be understood within the context of any single classical discipline. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer, natural or synthetic, on the earth. Once cleaving hydrophobic polymers, the reaction is commonly attained in the presence of quaternary ammonium phase-transfer catalysts and has trivial outcomes on the backbone of the polymer [171]. PC is widely used in blends due to its excellent compatibility with a range of polymers. Synthetic Polymers: These are the type. All kinds of polymers, either conventional engineering polymer or newly developed one, from thermoset and thermoplastic to vitrimer, are included. Polyolefins and related polymers. Farhan ullah baig. While a paper chain presents a simple image of a polymer, in practical applications, polymers have much greater uses. Thermosets usually are three-dimensional networked polymers in which there is a high degree of cross-linking between polymer chains. A polymer is an example of a macromolecule, the name given to a large molecule. Service temperature limit is such a problem to use polymers in high-temperature applications. This page titled 10. 1 7. Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have revealed numerous applications in aerospace, automobile, sports, and many other industries [ 63, 64, 65 ]. It will be demonstrated through our various polyurethane solutions based on bio-based or recycled materials, or optimizing production processes that enables a more sustainable future. The building block or the repeating unit in the polymer is called a monomer. . Polyolefins are chemically inert, extremely flexible, nontoxic, very lightweight, and sterile. Synthetic polymers are known as plastics. Cellulose-based biopolymers-Used for packaging, this polymer is made up of glucose obtained from natural sources like cotton. Polymers are materials with increasing utilisation as engineering materials in the last 40 years. g. Thermosetting and elastomeric polyurethanes are the most important groups. What are Smart Polymers? The term smart polymer embraces a wide range of different compounds that can change their color, transparency or shape in response to their environment; they are smart because of their ability to respond in a very dramatic way when small environmental changes are detected. Polymer Processing. Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) allow for the development of stimuli-responsive polymer-based materials that can undergo substantial recoverable deformation in response to an external stimulus. These long-chain chemicals are naturally and synthetically derived. Polymers can also be classified based on their structural organization. The use of plastics materials has increased dramatically throughout the world over the past 50 years, and now stands at roughly 100 billion pounds. Polymers are materials with increasing utilisation as engineering materials in the last 40 years. 1. Linear polymers consist of long flexible single chains in which the monomers are connected end-to-end by covalent bonds. Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are a class of advanced polymers that retain a highly ordered molecular structure both in their solid and liquid phases. Particular emphasis is placed on the wide-ranging. Polystyrene ( PS) / ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn / is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. The full name and principle of each method is described in the following sections. Thermoplastic Polymers Properties. Describe a polymer’s structure in terms of –mer type ordering, tacticity, and backbone chain configuration. A polymer is a chemical compound with molecules bonded together in long, repeating chains. However, there are several inadequacies in terms of either technology or cost of production especially in the case of applications in environmental. To download Lecture Notes, Practice Sheet & Practice Sheet Video Solution, Visit UMEED Batch in Batch Section of PhysicsWallah App/Website📲PW App Link - ht. , 2012). Methanol forms hydrogen bonding with PBI, disrupting the hydrogen bonding network of PBI and. A polymer is analogous to a necklace made from many small beads (monomers). Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. 9. Starch, cellulose, and rubber all possess polymeric properties. More recently, polymers have replaced metals and ceramics in applications like constructions, aerospace, automobiles, and medical. Polymerization • The process by which the monomer molecules are linked to form a big polymer molecule is called ‘polymerization’. 1. PMMA is a lightweight, crystal-clear, glasslike polymer used in airplane windows, taillight lenses, and light fixtures. POLYMERS Harshal Varade. These polymers are formed through free radical polymerization. Polymers can be characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It is also the simplest polymer, consisting of random-length (but generally very long) chains made up of two-carbon units. Smart polymers are polymers that respond to different stimuli or changes in the environment. Conductivity polymers show excellent chemical, thermal and oxidative stability due to low. • binders such as resins or polymers - These materials differ in form or composition on a macroscale. View full lesson: are made of polymers, and so are trees and. 4 Characterization of Thermal Properties of Polymers. Many thermoplastic polymers are reinforced with fibres. As we learned above concerning the properties of. The polymers which are not decomposed by the action of microorganisms and are referred to as non-biodegradable polymers. Charge. Due to their interesting properties, polymers are used in various applications, such as construction materials, automotive parts, plastics, and clothing. "Before the 1930s," wrote John Steele Gordon in an article about plastics for American Heritage, "almost everything people saw or handled was made of materials that had been around since ancient times: wood, stone, metal, and animal and p The mechanical properties of polymers are a measure of the deformation resistance under an applied force. The range of applications of such materials is huge, covering medical, industrial, electronics, textiles and others, and development across all. Thermosets. Polymers, a large class of materials, consist of many small molecules named monomers that are linked together to form long chains and are used in a lot of products and goods that we use in daily life. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomers used and the structure of the biopolymer formed. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer, natural or synthetic, on the earth. We welcome submissions on polymer hybrids, nanocomposites, characterisation and self-assembly. These are: i). Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) 3. Chitosan, starch, cellulose, alginate, and amylopectin are the main natural polymer choices due to their widespread availability, low price, nontoxicity, and biodegradability. which polymers are synthesized from monomers is termed polymerization; however, this is a generic term, since there are a number of chemical mechanisms involved in different polymerization reactions. g. Shape memory polymers (SMP's) in optoelectronic devices. Figure 7. Environmental problems, such as global warming and plastic pollution have forced researchers to investigate alternatives for conventional plastics. As shown in Figure 14c , the plasma polymers have the high cross-linking property resulting from continuous fragmentation and random recombination during plasma polymerization; that is, the polymers obtained using plasma techniques show better mechanical stability and fewer morphological changes [74,114,117]. 1. Whereas, in condensation polymerization (Section 10. An autosampler attached to the SEC system will assist with high-throughput. The term polymer is derived. , of ERG Polymers LLC discusses terminology and nomenclature, polymer structure and chemistry, and a process for material selection for specific applications, focusing on thermoplastics. Polymers were considered to be electrical insulators before the invention of conducting polymers (conjugate polymers), but these organic polymers have unique electrical and optical properties similar to those of inorganic semiconductors. A Polymer is a very big molecule or complexly structured material made up of macromolecules, which are small, simple compounds that repeat themselves to make polymers. The IUPAC Gold Book definition of a macromolecule is: “A molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units. Polyvinyl chloride (alternatively: poly (vinyl chloride), [6] [7] colloquial: polyvinyl, or simply vinyl; [8] abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic polymer of plastic (after polyethylene and polypropylene ). Polymers with higher molecular weight have higher viscosity. Polymers. There’s also PC/PBT, a blend of. Polymers that are biologically decomposable originate from petroleum-based synthetic materials, which decompose naturally under aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (landfill) conditions [6,7]. Polymers and their properties - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The biggest disadvantage of polymers is, because of the viscoelastic property of most polymers, we can not use them in bearing load applications. Nandkishor Telkapalliwar. 4. It has excellent elastic qualities, the result of a. This ability of sensing environmental changes makes SMPs more widely used in. (Fig. 1. In polymer chemistry, polymerization ( American English ), or polymerisation ( British English ), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure. Introduction. As an example, samples of polyethylene prepared under high pressure (5000 atm) have high crystallinities (95 - 99%), but are extremely brittle 21. Chehimi. Major disadvantages of non-biodegradable implants include the need for surgical removal, or accumulation of. The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. tunability and biocompatibility characteristics. Real-time 31 P {H} NMR spectroscopy gives access to reactivity. Due to the name of the process, you’ll hear these specific water-soluble polymers referenced as flocculants or polymer. 0%), and “co-polyesters”, which have multiple acids and/or glycols (38. Cover Story ( view full-size image ): Porous materials are attracting growing interest thanks to the many applications in multiple fields which include energy storage and conversion, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Shape-memory effects (SMEs) of these SMP-based. Spandex used as synthetic fibre is a block copolymer, other block polymers like polyester and polyamide TPEs have applications in hose tubing, sports goods and automotive components. A large activity of the polymer processing industry is the production of films and sheets of thermoplastic polymers. The main physical difference is how they respond to high temperatures. Contrarily, plastics represent a distinct category of polymers, comprised of polymer chains that might be semi-organic or wholly synthetic. Foam. The type of polymerization mechanism used depends on the type of functional groups attached to the reactants. Special Issues. When applied to polymers, the term crystalline has a somewhat ambiguous usage. Polymers separate solids from liquids through a process called flocculation. Classification of Polymers: A polymer is a natural or synthetic substance made up of large molecules known as macromolecules which are a combination of many subunits called monomers. Biodegradable polymers can degrade during the recycling process. Piezoelectric polymers have some distinct advantages in these cell culture applications. , cellulose, starch, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactide, polycaprolactone, collagen, and other. Depending on the polymerization reaction conditions, the resulting polymer can be a simple linear chain of linked carbon atoms. This applies to aerospace, automotive, consumer, medical and defence industries, amongst others. Khadheer Pasha, in Polymer Science and Innovative Applications, 2020 4. Polymers are large molecules made of small, repeating molecular building blocks called monomers. Polymers with controlled biomedical degradation characteristics can be used as an important part of tissue engineering and drug delivery therapies. The methods include DTA, DSC, DMA, TMA, and TGA. Polymers consist of many repeating monomer units in. Polymers, EISSN 2073-4360, Published by MDPI RSS Content Alert. Acids are classified as either weak or strong (and bases similarly may be either weak or strong). Polymers range from familiar. In general words, polymers are long-chain high molecular weight compounds obtained by the combination of a large. Both Synthetic Polymers as well as Natural Polymers play significant and relevant roles in daily life. These macromolecules are generally repeating. 15. • Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive introduction. A copolymer is a polymer that is made up of two or more monomer species. 40 MV/m. Page ID. 1 7. As such, studies regarding hydrophilic polymers are an important part of polymer science. [8] Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units. The word polymer comes from the Greek words for “many parts. Properties: Rigid, translucent, tough, spring-like qualities, good stress relaxation resistance, good wear and electrical properties, resistant. PSI's full range of services include chromatography, microscopy, titrations, wet chemistry, thermal analysis, spectroscopy, and metals testing and more. Any applications. Two types of polymers are natural polymers and synthetic polymers. 6. 1. Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. They are a unique class of smart materials with great potential in a broad range of applications in nanotechnology, biomaterials science, nanomedicine and healthcare, as additives for. 1130. Editor-in-chief: Christopher Barner-Kowollik Impact factor: 4. It is no doubt that this trend will continue due to the inherent properties of polymers and sustainability potential. It is impressive to consider that Polyolefins, made from simple monomers containing only carbon and hydrogen, can be used in a wide variety of applications []. Even though HF is the common ideal choice to cleave polymer brushes from the silicon oxide substrates, an array of other ways has been. The attempt of using biodegradable polymers can minimize the environmental waste since there are reusable and recyclable. e. 129. DNA . Polymers consist of many repeating monomer units in long chains, sometimes with branching or cross-linking between the chains. In this Letter, we show via a systematic dimensionality-dependent transport. The scenario described above—a world surrounded by polymers, plastics, and synthetic materials—represents a very recent phenomenon. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products. Household items made of various types of plastics. A polymer is a large molecule or a macromolecule, which essentially is a combination of many subunits. Abstract Liquid crystals polymers (LCPs) are aromatic polymers with unique properties which enable their usage in various applications. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known asThe Polymers: Classification The main classes of polymers are: • Natural polymers Example: cellulose and protein, which provide the mechanical basis for most plant and animal life • Thermoplastics, which soften on heating Example: polyethylene • Thermosets or Resins, which harden when two components are heated together Example: an epoxyPolymer smart materials are a broad class of polymeric materials that can change their shapes, mechanical responses, light transmissions, controlled releases, and other functional properties under external stimuli. e. To date, the importance of polymers has been much more highlighted because of their applications in different dominions of sciences, technologies and industry - from basic uses to biopolymer. For example Polyethylene, Polypropylene; Condensation Polymers: These are formed on the separation of small molecules such as \(H_2O\), \(NH_3\), HCI etc. Properties of Conducting Polymers. Abstract. A variety of other natural polymers exist, such as cellulose, which is the main constituent of wood and paper. 1. Thermoplastic polymers can be either amorphous or crystalline. Glass/epoxy composite are used for cargo line. The cross-linking restricts the motion of the chains and leads to a rigid. Recently, these materials have. It is a member of the polyester family of polymers. Biodegradable polymers are gaining much importance as a “green” alternative to commercially available nondegradable polymers. The world of plastics and polymer analysis is full of subtleties, from the right monomer, additives and fillers to the use of polymer blends to precisely design the properties of the. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 12 polyfluorinated polymers in cosmetic products; most of these ingredients have the. These plastics are noted for their transparency, resistance to breakage, and elasticity. Polymers in the natural world have been around since the beginning of time. For example Nylon-66, Terylene, Bakelite Smart polymers for textile applications. Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. In particular, the application of polymers for insulating high‐voltage (HV) equipment has been reported, together with the effect of electric field when they are subjected to HV stress. The hydroxyl functionalities are easily accessible, although such polymers possess a definite 3D structure, which is mainly based on the character. The intermolecular forces may be hydrogen bonds or dipole-dipole interaction. Biopolymer. 1. Polymer types. In a test tube filled with artificial biological fluid, the cell's nanomachines. Peninsula Polymers, the North American leader in specialty chemical distribution, is pleased to announce that they are expanding their National Distribution. Enzymes, nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates are polymers of natural origin. Thiolated gelatin (SH-gel) was prepared and a hybrid hydrogel obtained using thiolene radical crosslinking, which ensured the interconnectivity of PAOx and gelatin precursors. Uses Of Synthetic Polymers. High impact Polystyrene (HIPS) 2. For example, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, etc. Although the most common types of self-healing materials are polymers or elastomers, self-healing covers all classes of materials, including metals, ceramics, and cementitious materials. Northwestern excels in several areas of polymeric science and engineering, with applications in medicine, structural materials, electronics, and protective coatings. Inorganic polymers are polymers whose backbone structure is made up of elements other than carbon. cellophane. In smart polymer applications in textiles, PCMs and colour change polymers mostly take the form of microcapsules. Co-polymers have further been classified into four types on the basis of relative arrangement of the monomer units with respect to each other. 2 Microcapsules. 1: Polymers. Their structures, are normally very complex. 24, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Technology and IP Analysis of Upcycled Polymers" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets. MS of polymers and polymeric surfaces is a comprehensive field of ongoing polymer-based researches. Frequently, the metal atom is a transition metal, and very commonly it is a transition metal ion, but there are other examples as well. 4. The home for the most innovative and exciting polymer chemistry, with an emphasis on the synthesis and applications of polymers. Polymers are very large molecules, or macromolecules, formed by the union of many smaller molecules. polymers A and B, see Fig. Mechanical analysis of polymers. In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl ( H2C=CHR) monomers. Saroj K. Ring opening polymerization can occur without the loss of any small molecules. Polymers play a versatile role in such conventional formulations; they serve as binding agents in capsules, film coating agents in tablets and viscosity enhancers in emulsions and suspensions. 8K views•19 slides. Some of the useful properties of various engineering polymers are high strength or modulus to weight ratios (light weight but comparatively stiff and strong), toughness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, lack of conductivity (heat and electrical), color, transparency, processing, and low cost. Polymerization, or polymer synthesis, is a chemical reaction in which monomers are joined together by covalent bonding to form polymer structures. Building these aliphatic polyester polymers into larger macromolecular frameworks provides further control over polymer characteristics and opens up unique applications. Some common examples of carbohydrate polymer s include cellulose, starch, and glycogen. In this Review,. 5. The versatility of these polymers is incremented by the possibility to use other precursors than conventional polymerization reactions and by potential changes in the polymerization. [1] The core, or the center, of the polymer can be an atom, molecule, or macromolecule; the chains, or "arms", consist of variable-length organic chains. . . A thermoplastic is a class of polymer that can be softened through heating and then processed using methods such as extrusion, injection moulding, thermoforming and blow moulding. 1 31. There are two kinds of epoxy polymers used in construction: 100% solids and water dispersions. Biodegradable materials are used in packaging, agriculture, medicine and other areas. Polymers are either organic material, i. Classification Of Polymer On Different Basis Devansh Gupta. Man-made polymers have been studied since 1832. The polymerization processes by which polymers are synthesized fall into two categories. A "strong" polyelectrolyte is one that dissociates completely in solution for most reasonable pH values. The linear polymers can be further classified as “homopolyesters”, which only have 1 acid and 1 glycol (24. With the vast array of product types and additives available, understanding the capabilities and limitations of a material is a key concern to. ” Each of those parts is scientists call a monomer (which in Greek means “one part”). - There exists interface between these materials - compatibility Fiber: • Load-bearing component. In this crit. DNA. Polymers make up many of. Polymers in everyday things Background information for teachers Polymers are a part of everyday life and examples can be found almost anywhere. Bioabsorbable Polymers. Differentiation between these classes is best defined by their behaviour under applied heat. [1] Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure or mixing with a catalyst. And stay tuned for future follow-up. This kind of polymers consists of similar functional groups as that of the biopolymers. 5K views•31 slides. 1 27. Several MS techniques are used for probing polymers and polymeric surfaces including a number of polymer compositions and surfaces that needed to be investigated carefully . As shown in this table, excluding the fourth family (which is of fossil origin) and the fifth family, most polymers (families 1–3) are. The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic. A ball-and-stick model of syndiotactic polypropylene. polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life. The definition of polymerization is the process in which small molecules, called monomers, combine together to form long-chain polymers. Addition of molecular cross-links to polymers increases mechanical strength and improves corrosion resistance. A challenge in this. Natural polymers, such as collagen, silk, and cellulose, can be used to fabricate a fiber network in which cells can attach and proliferate. • Compare to responses of other polymers:-- brittle response (aligned, crosslinked & networked polymer)-- plastic response (semi-crystalline polymers) Stress-strain curves adapted from Fig. Due to the extensive safety testing required for new excipient approval, the introduction and use of new. A common example is that of Nylon-66, which is used in carpets and apparels. For students between the ages of 11 and 14. fiber science. After completing this session, you should be able to: Define key terms used in polymer chemistry. Polyethylene (poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET is the most common thermoplastic . The most. elastomer, any rubbery material composed of long chainlike molecules, or polymers, that are capable of recovering their original shape after being stretched to great extents—hence the name elastomer, from “elastic. Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures of chemicals, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. Crystalline Polymers Structure: Crystalline polymers are characterized by a three-dimensional order. Michigan State University. Their applications range widely from material packaging to fabrication of the most sophisticated drug delivery devices. Chemistry Africa (2023) Sustainable polymers are materials derived from renewable, recycled and waste carbon resources and their combinations, which at the end. $56. thermoplastica polymer that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid state upon cooling. 9. Smart polymers appear in highly specialized applications and everyday products alike. Belgian Polymer Group (BPG), European. The companies took the Final Investment Decision (FID) for the project in. Michele Galizia and colleagues report the use of in situ FTIR measurements to monitor the sorption of methanol in polybenzimidazole (PBI). The wear resistance and abrasion resistance of thermoplastic polymers are improved by the use. Fibres have sharp and high melting points. Hu, J. A SILENT REVOLUTION. These types of polymers show the greatest promise for bio-mimetic uses as collagen fibers are essentially composed of natural charged ionic polymers. At present, commonly used natural polymer materials include chitosan, starch, alginate, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, etc. They are commonly found in a variety of consumer products. Especially investigations on structure-property relationships of hydrophilic polymers. Researchers develop biodegradable polymers that are traceable without toxic contrast agents. PP has become a material of choice when you are. Cross-linked polymers, in which the molecular structure is a network, are thermosetting resins (i. 5. Commercial plastics are known as resins in North America, and are made of polymers. Biomedical composites are flexible and are resistant to chemical attack. It is made from propene (or propylene) monomer. Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. Examples include cellulose, rubber, silk, wool, and so on. William Reusch. Other Phthalate Plasticizers Used in Polymers: Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (C 19 H 20 O 4) MP: -35°C (-31°F; 238 K) BP: 370°C (698°F; 643 K) It is an ester of phthalic acid, benzyl alcohol and n-butanol. A polymer is an example of a macromolecule, the name given to a large molecule. These range from automotive,. Dr. 15. Everything you need to know about polymers!Polymers are large molecules made up of lots of repeating units called monomers. The primary element of CFRPs is a carbon filament; this is produced from a precursor polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or petroleum pitch. 2) High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Collectively, Polyethylene is the most common plastics in the world, but it’s classified into three types: High-Density, Low-Density and Linear Low-Density.